Quick answer
Direct answer
Risk scores
| CVSS metric | What it means |
|---|---|
| Attack vector (AV:N) | Network: reachable remotely |
| Attack complexity (AC:L) | Low complexity |
| Attack requirements (AT:P) | Attack requirements present |
| Privileges required (PR:L) | Low privileges required |
| User interaction (UI:N) | No user interaction |
| Confidentiality (VC:H) | High confidentiality impact |
| Integrity (VI:H) | High integrity impact |
| Availability (VA:H) | High availability impact |
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:L/SA:L/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
About N8n
CVE-2026-65595 affects N8n, a product from N8n. Before acting, confirm where N8n runs in your estate, who owns it and whether it is reachable from the internet, because exposure decides real risk more than the score alone.
What the flaw is
In plain terms: n8n before 2.30.1 and 2.29.8 assigns all Public API key scopes to JWTs issued through the Token Exchange module regardless of the acting user's role. On instances where the Token Exchange feature and Public API are enabled, a low-privileged user who can obtain a valid external JWT trusted by a configured issuer can use the resulting access token to invoke administrator-only Public API operations such as role escalation, user creation, and user deletion (role escalation requires an Advanced Permissions license), and, when unverified Community Package installation is enabled, achieve remote code execution.
The weakness class is Improper Privilege Management. Privileges are assigned or checked incorrectly.
Based on its CVSS vector, the flaw can be reached over the network, needs some level of access, and needs no user interaction. Apply the vendor fix and confirm exposure on internet facing and business critical assets first.
Affected versions and timeline
| Field | Detail |
|---|---|
| Product | N8n |
| Affected versions | N8n before 2.29.8; N8n 2.30.0 |
| Published | Jul 22, 2026 |
| Last modified | Jul 27, 2026 |
| Added to CISA KEV | Not listed |
| Assigning CNA | disclosure@vulncheck.com |
How to detect it
- Inventory every instance of N8n and record the running version against the affected range above.
- Check external attack surface scans for internet facing instances of the component.
- Review logs on affected systems for unusual requests, errors or new processes around the vulnerable function.
- Confirm with an authenticated vulnerability scan once your scanner has a check for this CVE.
How to fix it
- Apply the fixed version of N8n named in the vendor advisory.
- If patching must wait, restrict network access to the affected service and put it behind authentication or a web application firewall rule.
- Rescan after the change to prove the exposure is gone, then close the ticket.
CTEM action plan
| CTEM stage | What to do for this CVE |
|---|---|
| Scope | Add every business service that depends on N8n to the current CTEM cycle. |
| Discover | Find all instances, including shadow and cloud deployments, and record versions and exposure. |
| Prioritize | Rank using EPSS and CVSS together with asset exposure and business impact. |
| Validate | Confirm the flaw is reachable and exploitable in your environment and that compensating controls work. |
| Mobilize | Assign the fix to the asset owner with a due date matched to the priority, then verify closure. |
CWE References
- CWE-269: Improper Privilege Management More CVEs with this weakness
Technical References
Frequently asked questions
Related CVEs
n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. Prior to 1.123.76, 2.37.7, and 2.38.2, the legacy expression engine generated source text by calling the mutable global JSON.stringify while printing synthetic string literals and interpolating timezone data. An expression could replace JSON.stringify and cause later generated source to contain executable attacker-controlled code. The affected code-generation paths include packages/@n8n/expression-runtime/src/bridge/isolated-vm-bridge.ts and packages/@n8n/tournament/src/ExpressionBuilder.ts, and the issue does not affect the vm expression engine. This issue is fixed in versions 1.123.76, 2.37.7 and 2.38.2.
n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. Prior to 1.123.76, 2.37.7, and 2.38.2, the expression compiler sanitizer resolved through dynamically scoped this and did not reject reserved class member names. A class field named __sanitize could rebind the sanitizer and reach the Function constructor, enabling backend code execution and editor-preview JavaScript execution. The affected AST hook is PrototypeSanitizer in packages/workflow/src/expression-sandboxing.ts. This issue is fixed in versions 1.123.76, 2.37.7 and 2.38.2.
n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. Prior to 2.37.7 and 2.38.2, the OAuth Dynamic Client Registration endpoint bounded redirect_uris but accepted arbitrarily large client_name and grant_types values. An unauthenticated remote caller could repeatedly persist oversized values in oauth_clients and exhaust database storage. The affected validation is in packages/cli/src/modules/oauth-server/oauth-server.service.ts, including MAX_CLIENT_NAME_LENGTH and MAX_GRANT_TYPES. This issue is fixed in versions 2.37.7 and 2.38.2.
n8n versions before 1.123.73, 2.35.4, and 2.36.2 contain an expression sandbox escape in the $fromAI handler. $fromAI resolved a caller-supplied placeholder name without requiring it to be an own property and admitted reserved keys; against a primitive input value it returned a live host-prototype reference. An attacker with workflow-build privilege can walk the prototype chain to the Function constructor and compile/execute arbitrary code in the main n8n process, leading to remote code execution.
n8n versions before 1.123.73, 2.35.4, and 2.36.2 contain a remote code execution vulnerability in the Git node. The node reset a fixed list of command-bearing configuration keys before each operation, but that list did not cover the content-filter and merge-driver key families. A repository with local configuration setting one of those keys together with a matching attribute pattern causes git to execute the configured command during an ordinary Add, Commit, Checkout, or Pull operation. The command runs as the n8n process user.
n8n versions before 2.36.2 contain an expression sandbox bypass vulnerability where free identifiers in spread, computed-key, switch-case, or class-extension positions resolve against process globals. Authenticated users with workflow-edit permission can mutate host objects through expression evaluation, with changes persisting process-wide until restart.
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