Sources: National Vulnerability Database, CVE.org, CISA KEV, FIRST EPSS
CVE-2026-121419 Overview
SurrealDB from 3.1.0 before 3.3.0 contains an improper authentication vulnerability where the MCP BoundSubject fingerprint uses the access method name instead of per-user identity for JWT/Bearer access. Attackers with a valid low-privilege token for the same access method and a victim's mcp-session-id can hijack the session and execute MCP tools with the victim's roles and permissions.
Critical Impact
Affected Products
- SurrealDB: see the vendor advisory for the exact affected versions
Discovery Timeline
- 2026-11-03: CVE-2026-121419 published to the National Vulnerability Database by disclosure@vulncheck.com
- 2026-11-03: last updated in the NVD database
Technical Details for CVE-2026-121419
Vulnerability Analysis
CVE-2026-121419 is a Improper Privilege Management weakness (CWE-269: Improper Privilege Management) in SurrealDB. Based on its CVSS vector, the flaw can be reached over the network, needs some level of access, and needs no user interaction. Privileges are assigned or checked incorrectly.
With a CVSS base score of 8.6, apply the vendor fix and confirm exposure on internet facing and business critical assets first.
Root Cause
The weakness is classified as CWE-269: Improper Privilege Management. Privileges are assigned or checked incorrectly.
Attack Vector
Based on the CVSS vector, the flaw can be reached over the network, needs some level of access, and needs no user interaction. Attack complexity is low complexity.
No exploitation in the wild is confirmed by CISA at the time of the last update. Check the references below for any vendor or researcher proof of concept.
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
Detection Methods for CVE-2026-121419
Detection Strategies
- Inventory every instance of SurrealDB and compare the running version with the affected range above.
- Check external attack surface scans for internet facing instances of the component.
- Run an authenticated vulnerability scan once your scanner ships a check for this CVE.
Monitoring Recommendations
- Forward SurrealDB application, access and audit logs to your SIEM for retrospective hunting.
- Alert on new processes, configuration changes or outbound connections from the affected service.
- Track the vendor advisory and the CISA KEV catalog for changes in exploitation status.
How to Mitigate CVE-2026-121419
Immediate Actions Required
- Apply the fixed version of SurrealDB named in the vendor advisory.
- Prioritize internet facing and business critical instances first.
- Rescan after the change to confirm the exposure is closed.
Patch Information
Use the fixed version listed in the vendor advisory for SurrealDB.
Workarounds
- If patching must wait, restrict network access to the affected service and place it behind authentication or a web application firewall rule.
CWE References
- CWE-269: Improper Privilege Management More CVEs with this weakness
Technical References
This entry is built directly from NVD, CISA KEV and EPSS data. Verify fixed versions in the vendor advisory before you deploy.
Frequently asked questions
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